There is great news for prospective adoptive parents! For 2024, the federal adoption tax credit is $16,810. The amazing thing about this tax credit is that it is not a deduction that reduces your income for purposes of determining your tax liability. Rather, it is a tax refund that is based on a dollar for dollar reduction of your total tax liability. Simply put, the adoption tax credit is $16,810 in your pocket to offset your adoption costs. Going forward, the amount of the credit will slightly increase each year because it is based upon a “cost of living” calculation. The numbers that define the lower and upper limits of income eligibility also will fluctuate since they are based upon current cost of living.

To take the full benefit of the adoption tax credit, we recommend that you consult with a tax professional who will help you determine the extent of the tax credit available to you. Nonetheless, here are our answers to the most common questions about the adoption tax credit and how it works:

What Are The Income Restrictions Associated With The Credit?
For 2024, the adoption tax credit is fully available in the amount of $16,810 if your modified adjusted gross income is equal to or less than $252,150. If your modified adjusted gross income is more than $252,150 but less than $292,150, you will receive a reduced tax credit. If your modified adjusted gross income is $292,150 or more for the year, you are not eligible for the tax credit.

What Adoption Expenses Qualify?
The adoption tax credit may only be used to reimburse an adoptive parent for “qualified adoption expenses.” These expenses must be reasonable and necessary adoption fees. Fortunately, most adoption expenses qualify. Qualified adoption expenses include:

• Court costs
• Attorney’s fees
• Agency fees
• Traveling expenses (which include meals and lodging while away from home)
• Other expenses directly related to, and whose principal purpose is for, the legal adoption of an eligible child (defined as a child under 18 years of age).

Also, adoption expenses that are required by the state as a condition of your adoption, such as installing a fence around a pool, may qualify. The expenses can be incurred in both a domestic and international adoption. The adoption of a child with special needs may entitle you to claim the full amount of the adoption tax credit even if you have not incurred the full amount of expenses.

Expenses that do not qualify for the adoption tax credit include:

• Expenses your employer reimburses you through an employee benefit plan
• Step-parent and surrogacy expenses

When Can I Claim The Adoption Tax Credit?
If the child is born in the United States or is a resident alien, you may claim the adoption tax credit in the year after you incurred the expenses. However, if you completed the adoption process in the same year you incurred the expenses, you may claim the adoption tax credit in that year. Also, if you incur expenses in the year after the adoption is finalized, you may take the tax credit in the year you incurred the expenses. In an international adoption, the adoption tax credit can be claimed only after the adoption is finalized.

What If The Adoption Is Unsuccessful?
One of the amazing things about the federal adoption tax credit is that eligibility does not depend on whether an adoption attempt was successful. Indeed, expenses incurred with an adoption attempt of a specific child, whether successful or not, may be reimbursed through the credit. The IRS allows you to treat these adoption expenses in the same manner as expenses you paid for an adoption that was not finalized by the end of the year. However, in an international adoption, the adoption tax credit can be claimed only if the adoption is successfully finalized.

What Forms Do I File To Claim The Adoption Tax Credit?
To claim the adoption tax credit, you must complete Form 8839 “Qualified Adoption Expenses” and attach the form to your Form 1040 or Form 1040A. In most cases, if you are married, you must file a joint return to take the tax credit. If you are married and filing separately, you must meet special requirements to take the tax credit.

What If My Qualified Adoption Expenses Are Greater Than My Tax Liability?
In its current form, Congress rejected the lobbyists’ plea to make the credit refundable. This would have meant that an adoptive parent would receive a check for the full credit whether or not they owed that amount in taxes for that year. Instead, Congress chose to treat the credit as a true “credit” meaning that the credit can only offset actual tax liability for that given year. If the adoption tax credit exceeds the amount of your tax liability for the year, the good news is that the excess amount of the tax credit can be carried forward for up to five years.

What Type Of Proof Must I Submit To Take The Adoption Tax Credit?
To take the adoption tax credit, you must be prepared to provide documentation to the IRS showing that your expenses are “qualified adoption expenses.” Therefore, during the adoption process, you should keep all of your receipts, invoices, and financial documents relating to the adoption so that you are prepared to submit these documents to the IRS.

What If My Employer Reimburses Me For Certain Adoption Expenses?
It is important to know that if your employer reimburses you for certain adoption expenses, you are permitted to exclude the amount of the reimbursement from your income. In other words, employee adoption benefit programs are tax deductible. You should inquire into whether your employer offers an adoption benefit program. A typical employer contribution is between $5,000 and $25,000.

In addition to this exclusion, you also are permitted to claim the adoption tax credit for the remaining amount of adoption expenses. The thing to remember is that you are not allowed to claim the tax credit and the exclusion for the same expenses. Again, you should consult with a tax professional to determine the extent of the adoption tax credit and exclusion available to you.

Since The Tax Credit Is A Federal Program, Does My State Offer Similar Types Of Tax Credits Or Deductions For Adoptive Parents?
Some states do and some do not. Since every state is different, you should consult with a tax professional to determine the extent of the adoption tax credit available in your state.

An important part of any adoption plan is consideration of the costs and subsidies available to you. The federal adoption tax credit is an important tool that helps adoptive parents manage their adoption expenses. Apart from the federal adoption tax credit, check to see if your state provides additional tax benefits and if your employer reimburses for any portion of your adoption expenses. Together these programs and subsidies are yet another wonderful reason to consider adoption as a means to building your family.

Please note that we are adoption professionals and can discuss our program, but any specific information about the tax credit (like whether or not you qualify) should be directed to a tax attorney or accountant.